Two parts make a whole. Fill the frame: how many more make 10?
How many more counters fill 10?
Two parts that make a whole: 7 + 3 = 10.
A ten frame has two rows of 5.
Two ten frames make 20.
Ten rows of 10 make 100.
Number bonds are pairs of numbers that add up to a whole. The number bonds to 10 are 0 + 10, 1 + 9, 2 + 8, 3 + 7, 4 + 6 and 5 + 5, and the same pairs the other way round.
A ten frame is two rows of five boxes. Children can see straight away how many counters there are and how many spaces are left, without counting one by one. The empty spaces are the number bond.
If you know 3 + 7 = 10, you also know 13 + 7 = 20 and 30 + 70 = 100. For bonds to 100 like 63 + 37, the ones make 10 (3 + 7) and the tens make 90 (60 + 30).
Children learn number bonds to 10 at about 5 to 6, bonds to 20 at about 6 to 7, and bonds to 100 at about 7 to 8.